The Role of Poets and the place of Poetry in Ancient Greece

When it comes to Homer’s Iliad one of the earliest instances where poetry and poets was mentioned can be found in Book 2 where Homer wrote the following:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Poets and the place of Poetry in Ancient Greece specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More And now, O Muses, dwellers in the mansions of Olympus, tell me- or you are goddesses and are in all places so that you see all things, while we know nothing but by report †¦ as for the common soldiers, they were so that I could not name every single one of them though I had ten tongues, and though my voice failed not and my heart were of bronze within me, unless you, O Olympian Muses, daughters of aegis- bearing Jove, were to recount them to me (Homer 2). It is very clear in this passage that Homer deferred to the Muse to help him recount what he knew. He said that his memory failed him and that he has no ability to say the thi ngs that needed to be spoken or written down. It is well-known that ancient poets like Homer acknowledge their dependence on the Muse for inspiration but in this passage he did not say that they inspire him he said that they were his source of information. This means to say that the Muse in the context of the Iliad is the source of inspiration. The Muse is the giver of gifts and in this case it is the gift to create words that are melodious to the ear but at the same time the power to move the hearts and minds of men. This is the power of the poet, Homer acknowledges this but he was right to show humility and instead he deflected honor back to the gods. It can also be argued that Homer’s remarks was not all about modesty. He has another goal and it is to put a stamp of authority on what he has to say. Homer invoked the help of the muse and in the process established a way to validate what he was trying to say. In other words he did not put his own stamp of approval on his mas terpiece, he was saying that it was the Muse who told him what to say. He could have easily said that he was the one who thought of these things but it would not have the same impact as when he said that the words came from the Muse.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Ancient Greece the poet is therefore not a mere artist trying to express himself, he is also a builder of society. This is like nation-building but instead of talking about revolutionaries, heroes and martyrs who died for the sake of freedom, poets like Homer created an identity for a people that are yet without permanent institutions (Haubold 162). This means that in reality Homer did receive assistance but not from the gods. Part of his inspiration comes from fellow poets, those who came before him. Homer relied on other poets like him, to glean from them information that was handed down from generation to generation. According to one commentary, â€Å"In Homer’s invocations these goddesses are a complex personification of the poet’s indebtedness to his tradition, but at the same time they cover over another important relationship that defines the poet, that to other poets† (Ford 90). In other words the poets of Ancient Greece is a repository of information that anyone can access in order to understand the world that they live in. Works and Days The opening lines of Hesiod’s Works and Days provides an indirect explanation as to the roles of poets in Ancient Greece. The line says: â€Å"Muses of Pieria who give glory through song, come hither, tell of Zeus your father and chant his praise. Through him mortal men are famed or un-famed, sung or unsung alike, as great Zeus wills† (Hesiod 1) It says that a poet has the power to immortalize men.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Poets and the place of Poetry in Ancient Gree ce specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that in Ancient Greece the poets play an important role they are not only messengers but they are some kind of special communication and through their gift of speech and their ability to make music through their rhymes and songs gives them the ability to enhance or downgrade the image of a person. It is through the work of poets that men of stature are celebrated in songs and declarations. Just like Homer, Hesiod is a poet who benefitted from other poets who came before him (Athanassakis 59). But Hesiod did not only use the art of poetry to become the historian and the preserver of legacies. He used poetry to speak to the social problems that he and his fellowmen faced in Ancient Greece. In the case of Hesiod he was able to talk about a family problem more openly and with more passion than if he was plainly speaking as an average person and not someone with the authority to speak like a g od. For instance many believed that when Hesiod wrote the Works and Days he was also in a real life struggle with his brother (Frazer 5). Therefore the lines that says, â€Å"Perses, lay up these things in your heart, and do not let that Strife who delights in mischief hold your heart back from work, while you peep and peer and listen to the wrangles of the court-house† is not just a simple statement (Hesiod 25). Hidden within this phrase is a commentary on what he felt about his personal problems. Another purpose of poetry and poets is to be used as a tool to explain beginnings and origins. In Hesiod’s work the poet said, â€Å"Or if you will, I will sum you up another tale well and skilfully — and do you lay it up in your heart, — how the gods and mortal men sprang from one source† (Hesiod 106-108).Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The poets provide answers to some of the toughest questions on earth. Questions about origins and the source of problems can be readily answered with information that can be gleaned from listening to what these ancient poets had to say. Therefore, poetry is a medium of communication, a powerful tool that can influence the way people think about a person, an event or even a place. What is Troy without Homer’s Iliad? Who would have known about the mighty deeds of Achilles if not for the poetry of Homer? Poets has the ability to compose lines that are so rich with information that by simply declaring these words the audience can see and feel the past and then gain an insight into their traditions and their identity as a people. This is why poets and their poetry play an important role in a social context. Conclusion Poetry and poets play an important role in the evolution of ancient societies. Poets are powerful communicators. They enhance their reputation by claiming that these abilities are not innate but given by the gods. The poet is a historian, commentator, and artist rolled into one. They have the power to make a person famous and at the same time they have this ability to create a link between the past and the present. They are able to accomplish all of these through their interesting narratives and their powerful and well-crafted poetry that can move the hearts and minds of their listeners. Works Cited Athanassakis, Apostolos. Theogony; Works and Days; Shield. MD: John Hopkins University Press, 2004. Frazer, R.M. The Poems of Hesiod. OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983. Ford, Andrew. Homer: The Poetry of the Past. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992. Haubold, Johannes. Homer’s People: Epic Poetry and Social Formation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Hesiod. Works and Days. Trans. H.G. Evelyn-White. The Internet Classics Archives.  Web. Homer. Iliad. Trans. S. Butler. The Internet Classics Archives. Web. This essay on The Role of Poets and the place of Poetry in Ancient Greece was written and submitted by user Kathleen V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Theme Essay On Macbeth

The story of Macbeth is portrayed by Shakespeare as evil’s operation in the world in Elizabethan times, but still has its place in todays life. Shakespeare accomplishes this by using a powerful and unsuspecting character such as Macbeth, maybe any one of us, a good leader, strong willed and a person that is looked upon. The audience sees how evil, tempts Macbeth, just as evil tempts everyone of us everyday. Furthermore the use of messages addressing to or addressed by, how evil Macbeth is. The Evil inside Macbeth is quite evident; for he commits several murders. Finally, there are certain analogies, which suggest that Macbeth is comparable to Satan. In this essay I will show you how the play of Macbeth is actually a study of evil and how Macbeth the man represents that evil Shakespeare intended on using a hero of good deeds such as Macbeth, as his figure. He is seen as a good advocate of Satan’s evil conduct: for an evil person is one you least expect. Macbeth starts off as a humble man and a savior of his native land Scotland After returning from a heroic victory, Ross, a noble Thane, describes what a significant officer Macbeth is for his kingdom: "The king hath happily received, Macbeth, The news of thy success; and when he reads Thy personal venture in the rebel’s fight, His wonders and his praises do contend Which should be thine or his. Silenced with that, In viewing o’er the rest o’th’ selfsame day, He finds thee in the stout Norwegian ranks, Nothing afeard of what thyself didst make, Strange images of death. As thick as hail Came post with post, and every one did bear Thy praises in his kingdom’s great defense, And poured then down before him." [I.iii.89-99]. Macbeth, like any other man, had succumbed to some form of temptation. Shakespeare utilizes him as a model, to show how no matter how strong you may be; even the strongest man can be taken in by evil. Macbeth came across three wi... Free Essays on Theme Essay On Macbeth Free Essays on Theme Essay On Macbeth The story of Macbeth is portrayed by Shakespeare as evil’s operation in the world in Elizabethan times, but still has its place in todays life. Shakespeare accomplishes this by using a powerful and unsuspecting character such as Macbeth, maybe any one of us, a good leader, strong willed and a person that is looked upon. The audience sees how evil, tempts Macbeth, just as evil tempts everyone of us everyday. Furthermore the use of messages addressing to or addressed by, how evil Macbeth is. The Evil inside Macbeth is quite evident; for he commits several murders. Finally, there are certain analogies, which suggest that Macbeth is comparable to Satan. In this essay I will show you how the play of Macbeth is actually a study of evil and how Macbeth the man represents that evil Shakespeare intended on using a hero of good deeds such as Macbeth, as his figure. He is seen as a good advocate of Satan’s evil conduct: for an evil person is one you least expect. Macbeth starts off as a humble man and a savior of his native land Scotland After returning from a heroic victory, Ross, a noble Thane, describes what a significant officer Macbeth is for his kingdom: "The king hath happily received, Macbeth, The news of thy success; and when he reads Thy personal venture in the rebel’s fight, His wonders and his praises do contend Which should be thine or his. Silenced with that, In viewing o’er the rest o’th’ selfsame day, He finds thee in the stout Norwegian ranks, Nothing afeard of what thyself didst make, Strange images of death. As thick as hail Came post with post, and every one did bear Thy praises in his kingdom’s great defense, And poured then down before him." [I.iii.89-99]. Macbeth, like any other man, had succumbed to some form of temptation. Shakespeare utilizes him as a model, to show how no matter how strong you may be; even the strongest man can be taken in by evil. Macbeth came across three wi...

Utilizing Database Performance Using Column Store Research Paper

Utilizing Database Performance Using Column Store - Research Paper Example This technique of data storage has its benefits but again several questions still exist on the same matter. For instance, how row based systems be able to be customized to achieve performances associated with column stores? This is the kind of question whose answers we seek to discuss in this document. 1. Introduction The paper seeks to show how database performance can be increases using database column storage techniques. The paper will be divided into sections which include a brief description about the database column storage, an explanation on how column store can utilize the performance of databases, how database performance will differ by using column store and not row storage. Additionally, areas where column storage count will also be discussed; these are areas of application of the technique will also be discussed. Finally, recommendations on the enhancements of column stores will come at the end of the paper. 2. Database Column Storage Column store database systems can be traced to the 1970’s; this was the first time when transposed files were being studied; Then followed the investigations into the vertical partitioning technique of clustering table attributes on a database. The mid 80’s witnessed the experience of the advantages of decomposed model of storage (DSM). This was the predecessor to column storage technique. It was considered better than the old row based system of storage. Nonetheless, row based database systems still went on to maintain dominance of the markets as a result of market needs, as well as non-favorable trends in technology to implement the column based systems of storage. This was despite the fact that the DSM technique was very suitable and had potential for better analytical queries. However, the 2000s had good tidings for research on column storage systems. Commercial systems of the same took off instantly. In this paper, we look at the technology and the application trends which have led to the renaissance of commercialization of the column stores. In comparison to the row-oriented stores of data, the column oriented, database systems were read optimized; this means that the when a query is sent, access is granted to the required fields only, and a reduction in disk input output processes and time is registered. student_Id Firstname Lastname Grade 1 James Smith A 2 Cathy Jones A- 3 Elizabeth Queen C Table 1: Sample Database Table In a computer, the database information has to be converted and bytes for storage in the hard drive or to be written onto the RAM. For row-based storages, the data in the database is serialized according to the values in each of the rows; then follows the data in the next row. The data is arranged as follows, in the row based model: 1, James, Smith, A; 2, Cathy, Jones, A-; 3, Elizabeth, Queen, C; On the other hand, the column based storage system would arrange the data in the following format for storage: 1, 2, 3; James, Cathy, Elizabeth; Smith, Jones, Queen ; A, A-, C; Research on column stores indicates that, with compression, row-stores perform less effectively than column oriented systems. More formally, column storage systems store their data tables in the form of columns of data unlike the row based systems which store data in the form of rows of data; as seen in most relational

Econometrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Econometrics - Essay Example velopment to fulfill international expectations, high excellent of job and items, up-to-date engineering, consumer as well as environmental responsibility and robust networks in conducting company operations. More importantly, the competition of Thai market, particularly SMEs, has usually relied in low-cost job and normal resource advantages as opposed to technological capability or qualified human investment capital. Many models of growth along with development suppose that end result is generated with a two component, CobbDouglas specification for your aggregate production function using physical capital and work or Man capital adjusted labor helping as inputs. The CobbDouglas specification could be the only linearly homogenous production function that has a constant elasticity of substitution in which each factor’s Share of income is constant over time. Since this latter implication with the CobbDouglas specs is considered consistent with among stylized information of development, that this shares involving income accruing to help capital along with labor are relatively constant over time most researchers have not questioned the application of a CobbDouglas production function to check questions involving growth along with development. The linear homogeneity along with constant elasticity of alternative properties with the CobbDouglas specification also can explain this popularity with this functional style (Duffy & Papageorgiou 2000, p. 1). In all forms of production of one good with multiple factors, the formulation is presented as. Y represents the total production, L represents labor input, K represents the capital input, and A represents the total output by the factory. Regression evaluation generates the equation to spell it out the statistical relationship between more than one predictor variables along with the response varying. The p-value for every term checks the null hypothesis, which the coefficient is equal to zero (no effect). A low p-value

The Takeovers Directive Is An Ineffective Piece Of Legislation Essay

The Takeovers Directive Is An Ineffective Piece Of Legislation Designed To Create An Unachievable Single Market For Takeover Activity - Essay Example More specifically, in the UK, a takeover refers to the purchase of a public company whose shares are listed on a stock exchange, contrary to the acquisition of a private business. The three main types of takeovers are friendly takeovers, hostile takeovers and reverse takeovers. A friendly takeover refers to the acquisition of a company, which has been approved by the management. In normal cases, a bidder notifies a company board of directors prior to making an offer for the target company. If the board concurs that accepting the offer would serve the interests of shareholders better than rejecting the offer, then it recommends that the shareholders accept the offer2. The friendly type of takeover is rather common in private companies in which the shareholders are usually the board of directors. In these cases, chances are always high that should shareholders accept a takeover offer, then the board is usually of the same opinion. If not, the board is always under the shareholders†™ orders accept the bid. It is noteworthy that this scenario is rather irrelevant to the UK’s idea of takeovers, which only regards a takeover as acquisition of a public company. The second type of takeover is the hostile takeover in which a bidder acquires a company despite the unwillingness of the company’s management. ... Usually, on being established, certain larger private companies would want to float themselves in stock exchanges without the expenses and time resources involved in initial public offers. In the UK, for instance, a reverse takeover refers to a one-year acquisition of a company, which causes fundamental changes in its business and board voting or control. Finally, backflip takeovers are takeovers in which the acquiring company becomes a subsidiary of the purchased company and is mostly seen when a larger but unknown company acquires a well-known struggling company. A business concept that has been closely associated with takeovers, especially in the European Union is corporate governance. Corporate governance refers to the set of rules, processes and practices that a company uses for control and direction. In essence, in entails the weighing and balancing of the various interests of stakeholders such as management, customers, suppliers, financiers, government, shareholders and the co mmunity. Corporate governance thus covers every aspect of management, including action plans, internal controls, performance measurement and corporate disclosure. In the modern business environment, it does not pay for a company to be merely profitable; more should be done to attain a high level of corporate governance or good corporate citizenship using good corporate practices, environmental awareness and ethical and professional conduct among other strategies. Excellent takeover policies, regulation and legislation are some of the mechanisms by which the EU Commission and Member States have applied to improve corporate governance. For instance, the EU Takeover Directive of 2004 was adopted with the

The History Of Pericles History Essay

The History Of Pericles History Essay After winning Persian War of the Greece city-states, Athens became the leader of Greece because of its critical role in the war and its outstanding navy. In 477 B.C., the Greece city-states created the alliance which was called the Delian League. Athens controlled the alliance from the start; it, therefore, collected the tribute, commanded the leagues fleets and dictated policy. From Delos to the Acropolis in Athens, in 454 B.C., Athens moved the league treasury. Athens established an empire through the benefit from controlling the Delian. Athenians enjoyed the great political freedom ever, and Greek culture bloomed. The Athenians leader also undertook the beautify-Athens program because Athens was destroyed by Persians in 480 B.C. Athenians strengthened the defensive walls that connected Athens to the busy port of Piraeus. The building program employed thousands of workers. Athens became the center of Greek culture when many talent artists, philosophers, and poets converged on there. The period following the Persians war has been known as the Golden Age of Athens. Who was the leader of Athens during the Golden Age of Athens? He was the great leader who we have known as Pericles. He ruled Athens from 461 B.C. to 429 B.C. In this paper, we will outline you clearly about Pericles family background, military career, foreign policy and his ideas on democracy. Family background and early life Pericles, the son of Xanthippus and Agariste, was born in Athens in the state of Attica in 494 B.C. into a very distinguished Athenian family. His father, Xanthippusa military leader in the Persian Wars in 479 B.C.attaining hero status as a result, victorious at the battle at Mycale, was the son of one Ariphron and the father of another. Ariphron II was a candidate for ostracism. Xanthippus himself was ostracized in spring 484. Pericles mother, Agariste, was a member of the Alcmaeonid family, famous for its long involvement in Athens political history, which was accused of treachery at the Battle of Marathon. The Pericles family is an old lineage that has migrated all across the world over time, and as the name Pericles has migrated, it has changed making its history a challenge to piece together. This Pericles history and genealogy page contains the accumulated history of the Pericles family name made up of user-contributed content from users like you. Pericles family history has a complex evolution of which Pericles family members have accumulated the particulars over the years. During his middle life, many Sophist philosophers came into Athens, and he seemed to have gained full benefit of the society of Zeno and mainly Anaxagoras, from whom he was said to have learned impassivity in the face of trouble and insult and incredulity about unproven godly phenomena. In 472 B.C. Pericles studied music under Damon and mathematics under Zeno of Elea, which was the best education available. Military career Pericles was a general of Athens during the citys Golden Age known specifically as the time between the Persain and Peloponnesian war. Pericles achieved his military career in many wars, such as battle in Sicyon and Acarnania (454 BC), Second Sacred War (448 BC), expulsion of barbarians from Gallipoli (447 BC), Samain War (440 BC), siege of Byzantium (438 BC), and Peloponnesian War (431-429 BC). Meanwhile, many ancient historians had blamed on Pericles and allies were the causes of Peloponnesian war. Peloponnesian war was a war between Athens and Sparta, the leading city-states of ancient Greece, along with their allies, which included nearly every other Greek city-state. Its principal cause was a fear of Athenian imperialism. The Athenian alliance reliance relied on its strong navy, the Spartan alliance on its strong army. The war fell into two periods, which were separated by a six-year truce. In the meantime, Pericles was a commander of Athenians to fight the war breaking out in 431. In the first 10 years, Archidamus led the Spartans to defeat. Plagur strike Athens in 429 and killed Pericles and much of the army. Pericles technically centered his military policy on Themistocless principle that the majority of Athenians depended on its superior naval power and supposed that the Peloponnesians were near invincible on land. He also began a self-protective,the so-called grand strategy whose goal was the collapse of the enemy and the preservation of the status quo. The two basic principles of the Periclean Grand Strategy were the rejection of appeasement (in agreement with which he advised the Athernians not to withdraw the Megarian Decree) and the prevention of overextension. Foreign policy Notably, after he gained political salience in the 450 B.C. at Athens, Pericles had the idea of expanding and strengthening his empire with not only the neighboring but also the other city-states, which were far from Athens. He, therefore, devoted his attention on the foreign policy as his vital political mechanism, which allowed him to partner with many states even his enemy. At the level of a single city-state, his foreign policy consisted of two main goals. They are, first, continuing military action against the Persian presence in Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean, and second, greater attention to Athenian relations and disputes with other Greek states. To put the matter in another fashion, this foreign policy brought good and bad effect; as a result, the second de facto policy reflected the growing hostility between Athens and Sparta. Throughout the foreign policy, Athens also made the alliances with the Argos and Thessayly, which were Spartas enemies. He also, finally, reache d the truce with the Sparta after battling with either side won the war. Thus, Pericles foreign policy did help to unite not even other states but even the enemy to be friend. Democracy The Persians of Aeschylus was introduced by Pericles at the greater Dionysia as hierurgy, showing that he was rich in Athens in 472 B.C. Pericles choice of the play, which demonstrated a nostalgic picture of Themistocles well-known victory at Salamis, had been argued by Cimon Hornblower. Pericles supported Themistocles to fight against his adversary, Cimon. Plutarch said, democratically, almost forty years, Pericles was the first notable leader among the people in Athens. It meant Pericles had taken a position of leadership by the early 460s B.C. During the years, Pericles tried to conserve his private life and to show himself as a model for his people. For instance, he would often stop holding or joining party and tried to be thrifty. At Areopagus, it consisted of the Athenian aristocracy, which had once had the most powerful leader in the state; the leadership of the Democratic Party decided it was time to take goal in around 462- 461B.C. Ephialeswho was the chief of the party and mentor of Periclessuggested the reduction of the Areopagus power. As a result, the Athenian Assembly, Ecclesia, adopted Ephialtes suggestion with no strong opposition. Without further delay, a new era of radical democracy was started immediately by this reform. In order to coax the public, Pericles seemed to follow a populist policy and the Democratic Party steadily became dominant in Athenian Politics. Apparently, Pericles accomplished the political removal of troublesome adversary by the reason that Cimon crossed up his city by being friendly with Sparta. Pericles kept advocating and promoting a populist social policy after Cimons collapse. With the state covering the cost of their entrance fees, he firstly suggested a law that allowed the indigence to enjoy theatrical plays without paying. With other laws, he decreased the property needs for people in high position in 458- 457 B.C and gave liberal wages on all citizens who served as jurymen in the Heliaia, the supreme court of Athens, just after 454 B.C. But, a law of 451 B.C limited Athenian citizenship to those of Athenian ancestry on both sides was his most disputed action. Such actions made Pericles critics regarded him to be responsible for the progressive deterioration of the Athenian democracy. Some historians have argued that Pericles looked for the enlargement and stabilization of all democratic institutions. Hence, he l egislated law granting the indigence to access to the political system and the public offices from which they had formally been barred because of limited means or low-born. On the other hand, Cimon was sure that democracy had reached its peak, and stalemate of populism had been led by Pericles reforms, so he surly believed that no further free space for democratic evolution existed. Like Cimon, the other historical experts believed that because of Pericles reform, Athens sank into the abyss of political turmoil and demagogy after his dead. Pericles is called a populist, a demagogue and a hawk by some contemporary scholars, while others adore his charming leadership. Plutarch said that Pericles was not a man whom he knew before; he was biddable to the people and ready to give in to the desires of the multitude as a steersman to the breezes. It is told that when Spartas king, Archidamus, asked his political adversary Thucydides, who was the better fighter between two of them, Thucydides answered without any dither that Pericles was better because even when he was beaten, he tried to persuade the spectators that he had won. Thucydides, an admirer of Pericles, said that Athens was nominal democracy but, in fact, governed by its first citizen. The historians have explained what he perceived as Pericles charisma to lead, convince and, sometimes, to manipulate through this comment. Even though, Thucydides pointed out the fining of Pericles, he did not refer to the condemnation against Pericles but focused on Pericles honesty. In one of his dialogues, on the other hand, Plato denied the praise of Pericles and said that Pericles made the Athenians lazy, talkative and greedy, by beginning the system of public fees. Plutarch pointed out other criticisms of Pericles leadership that many others say that he first led on the peoples into allotments of public lands, festival-grants, and distributions of fees for public services; due to these reasons, they fell into bad habits and became sumptuous under the effect of his public action instead of thrifty and self-contained. Thucydides argued that the people did not carry away Pericles, but he guided the people. His decision has been questioned; some 20th-century critics, such as Malcolm F. McGregor proposed that he might have been a charming public face acting to be supported on the suggestions of advisors, or the people themselves. According to the King, by increasing the power of the people, the Athenians left themselves with no authoritative leader. During the Peloponnesian War, Pericles depended on his popular to govern was obvious. In the literary works of his Golden Age, we can find Pericles most visible legacy, most of which survive to this day. First, The Acropolis, though it is in ruins, still stands and is a symbol of modem Athens. In politics, Athenian imperialism is the remarkable legacy of Pericles. It denies the true democracy and freedom to the people at all but the ruling state. Finally, the freedom of expression is regarded as the lasting legacy deriving from this period. Conclusion Pericles, the greatest statesman of ancient Greece, was born 494 B.C in the wealthy family. His father was that Xanthippus who won the victory over the Persians at Mycale, 479 B.C.; and his mother, Agariste, the niece of the great Athenian reformer, Cleisthenes. He received an extravagant education; his teacher whom he most reverenced was the quiet and gentle philosopher, Anaxagoras. Pericles was noticeable all through his career for the singular dignity of his manners, the Olympian grandeur of his articulacy, his majestic intelligence in Platos phrase, his wisdom, integrity, and deep Athenian patriotism. The abilities of Pericles were supreme that he quickly rose to the highest power in the state as the leader of the dominant democracy. His successful expeditions to the Thracian Chersonese, and to Sinope on the Black Sea, together with his colonies planted at Naxos, Andros, Oreus in Euboea, Brea in Macedonia, and AEgina, as well as Thurii in Italy, and Amphipolis on the Strymon, did much to spread and confirm the naval power of Athens, and afford a means of subsistence for his poorer citizens. But his greatest project was to create, in concert with the other Hellenic states, a grand Hellenic confederation in order to put an end to the mutually destructive wars of kindred peoples, and to make Greece one enormous nation, fit to front the outlying world. After Cimon was dead and Thucydides was disliked, and came into the end of his life, Pericles reigned the undisputed master of the public policy of Athens. During the rest of his career there was, says the historian Thucydides, in name a democracy, but in reality a government in the hands of the first man. Soon after the Samian war broke out, in which Pericles gained high renown as a naval commander. The Samians, after a stubborn struggle, were beaten, and a peace was established. Since the time of the Persian invasion, he had been the leader of the confederacy formed to fight the attacks of the powerful enemy, and the guardian of the confederate treasury kept in the isle of Delos. Pericles caused the treasury to be removed to Athens, and commuting the commissions of the allies for money, enormously increased the contributions to the patriotic fund, Athens herself undertaking to protect the confederacy. He decorated and enriched Athens with the spoils of the allied states. Pericles did many things to make his native city the most magnificent in the ancient world. Under his patronage, Greek architecture and sculpture reached perfection. He remained Athens the Parthenon, the Erechtheum, left unfinished at his death, the Propylaea, the Odeum, and numerous other public and holy edifices; he also liberally stimulated music and the drama; and during his life, industry and commerce was in so well-off a condition that prosperity was universal in Attica. In 431, the long foreseen and inevitable Peloponnesian war broke out between Athens and Sparta. The plague damaged the city in 430, and in the autumn of the following year, Pericles died after a prolonged fever. As a greatest statesman, Pericles was a lofty-minded statesman, motivated by noble objectives, and his heart was full of a honorable love for the city and his citizens. When he lay dying and speciously insensible, his friends around his bed were passing in review the great accomplishments of his life, and the nine cups which he had founded at different times for so many triumphs. The dying patriot silently interrupted with the typical sentence: What you praise in my life belongs partly to good fortune, and is, at best, common to me with many generals. But that of which I am proudest, you have left unnoticedno Athenian has ever put on mourning through any act of mine.

Do Primates Posses Culture? Essay -- essays research papers

Writing Assignment One--Do primates posses culture?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think that if culture is defined as learned behavior, than it is reasonable to say that primates posses a form of culture. Primates have been observed making tools to aid in collecting food and developing communication system, both of which are learned behaviors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is common in monkeys, apes and humans that behavior and social organization aren’t necessarily programmed into the genes. There have been several cases where an entire troop has learned from the experiences of just a few. In a group of Japanese macaques, for example, a three-year-old female female developed the habit of washing dirt of of sweet potatoes before she ate them. First her mother, and then peers and then the entire troop started washing their potatoes too. Another macaque troop has a similar experience when a group of dominant males learned to eat wheat. Within an hour, the practice had spread throughout the entire group. Changes in learned behavior seem to spread more quickly from the top down than from the bottom up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For monkeys as for people, the ability to learn is a tremendous adaptive advantage, permitting them to avoid fatal mistakes. Faced with an environmental change, primates don’t have to wait for a genetic or physiological response, since learned behavior and social patterns can be modified.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The extensive usage of too...

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 17

Tiffany's Head Floating over the Waves When Ronnie picks me up in his minivan – which has three rows of seats – Tiffany is already buckled in next to Emily's car seat, so I climb into the very back, carrying the football and the bag my mother packed me, which contains a towel, a change of clothes, and a bagged lunch, even though I told Mom that Ronnie was bringing hoagies from the local deli. Of course my mother feels the need to stand on the front porch and wave, as if I were five years old. Veronica, who is riding in the front passenger's seat, leans over Ronnie and yells to my mother. â€Å"Thanks for the wine and flowers!† My mother takes this as an invitation to walk to the minivan and have a conversation. â€Å"How do you like the outfit I bought for Pat?† my mom says when she reaches Ronnie's window. She ducks down and takes a long look at Tiffany, but Tiffany has already turned her head away from my mother and is looking out the window at the house across the street. The outfit I am wearing is ridiculous: a bright orange polo shirt, bright green swimming shorts, and flip-flops. I did not want to wear any of this, but I knew Veronica was likely to make a fuss if I wore one of my cutoff T-shirts and a pair of workout shorts. Since Veronica and my mother have pretty much the same taste, I allowed my mother to dress me – plus, it makes Mom really happy. â€Å"He looks great, Mrs. Peoples,† Veronica says, and Ronnie nods in agreement. â€Å"Hello, Tiffany,† my mother says, sticking her head into the car a little more, but Tiffany ignores her. â€Å"Tiffany?† Veronica says, but Tiffany continues to stare out the window. â€Å"Have you met Emily yet?† Ronnie asks, and then he is out of the car and Emily is unbuckled from her car seat and placed in my mother's arms. Mom's voice gets all funny as she talks to Emily, and standing next to Mom, Veronica and Ronnie are all smiles. This goes on for a few minutes, until Tiffany turns her head and says, â€Å"I thought we were going to the beach today.† â€Å"Sorry, Mrs. Peoples,† Veronica says. â€Å"My sister can be a little blunt sometimes, but we probably should get going so we can have lunch on the beach.† My mother quickly nods and says, â€Å"Have a good time, Pat,† as Ronnie buckles Emily back into her car seat. Again I feel like I am five. On the way to the shore, Ronnie and Veronica talk to Tiffany and me the same way they talk to Emily – as if they are not really expecting a response, saying things that really don't need to be said at all. â€Å"Can't wait to get on the beach.† â€Å"We're going to have such a good time.† â€Å"What should we do first – swim, walk the beach, or throw the football?† â€Å"Such a nice day.† â€Å"Are you guys having fun?† â€Å"Can't wait to eat those hoagies!† After twenty minutes of non-talk, Tiffany says, â€Å"Can we please have some quiet time?† and we ride the rest of the way listening to the yelling noises Emily makes – what her parents claim is singing. We drive through Ocean City and over a bridge to a beach I do not know. â€Å"Little less crowded down here,† Ronnie explains. When we park, Emily is put into what looks like a cross between a stroller and a 4Ãâ€"4 vehicle, which Veronica pushes. Tiffany carries the umbrella. Ronnie and I carry the cooler, each of us grabbing a handle. We take a wooden walkway over a sand dune covered with sea oats and find that we have the beach all to ourselves. Not another person anywhere to be seen. After a brief discussion about whether the tide is coming in or out, Veronica picks a dry patch and tries to spread out the blanket while Ronnie begins digging the umbrella spike into the sand. But there is a breeze, and Veronica has some trouble, as the wind keeps folding the blanket over. If it were anyone but Veronica, I would grab a corner and help, but I do not want to get yelled at, so I wait for instructions before I do anything. Tiffany does the same, but Veronica fails to ask for help. Maybe some sand gets kicked up or something, because Emily starts screaming and rubbing her eyes. â€Å"Nice,† Tiffany says. Veronica immediately attends to Emily, telling her to blink, demonstrating what to do, but Emily only screams even louder. â€Å"I can't take a crying baby right now,† Tiffany adds. â€Å"Make her stop crying. Veronica, would you please make her – â€Å" â€Å"Remember what Dr. Lily said? What did we talk about this morning?† Veronica says over her shoulder, shooting Tiffany a serious look before turning her attention back to Emily. â€Å"So now we're talking about my therapist in front of Pat? You fucking bitch,† Tiffany says, shaking her head, and then she is walking away from us quickly. â€Å"Christ,† Veronica says. â€Å"Ronnie, can you handle Emily?† Ronnie nods solemnly, and then Veronica is running after Tiffany, saying, â€Å"Tiff? Come back. Come on. I'm sorry. I'm really sorry.† Ronnie flushes Emily's eyes with bottled water, and after ten minutes or so, she stops crying. We get the blanket spread out under the shade of the umbrella, weighting the corners down with the cooler, our flip-flops and sandals, and Emily's super stroller – but Veronica and Tiffany do not come back. After every inch of Emily's skin is coated with sunscreen, Ronnie and I play with her down at the water's edge. She likes running after the waves as they recede. She likes digging in the sand, and we have to watch to make sure she does not eat the sand, which seems weird to me, because why would anyone want to eat sand? Ronnie carries Emily out into the ocean, and we all float over the waves for a time. I ask if we should be worried about Veronica and Tiffany, and Ronnie says, â€Å"No. They're just having a therapy session somewhere on the beach. They'll be back soon.† I don't like the way he emphasizes the word â€Å"therapy,† as if therapy were some sort of ridiculous idea, but I don't say anything. After we dry off, we all lie down on the blanket – Ronnie and Emily in the shade, and me in the sun. I doze off pretty quickly. When I open my eyes, Ronnie's face is next to mine; he's sleeping. I feel a tap on my shoulder, and when I roll over, I see that Emily has walked around the blanket. She smiles at me and says, â€Å"Pap.† â€Å"Let Daddy sleep,† I whisper, and then pick her up and carry her down to the water. For a while we sit and dig a small hole in the wet sand with our hands, but then Emily stands and chases the foam of a receding wave, laughing and pointing. â€Å"Want to go swimming?† I ask her, and she nods once, so I scoop her up into my arms and begin to wade out into the water. The surf has picked up some and the waves have a lot more height, so I quickly walk past the breakers to where the water is up to my chest. Emily and I begin to float over the swells. As the waves grow in size, I have to jump and kick really hard to keep both of our heads above water, but Emily loves it and begins squealing and laughing and clapping her hands every time we float up. This goes on for a good ten minutes, and I am so happy; I kiss her chubby cheeks over and over. Something about Emily makes me want to float over waves with her for the rest of my life, and I decide that when apart time is done, I will make a daughter with Nikki ASAP, because nothing has made me even close to this happy since apart time began. The swells get even bigger. I lift Emily up and put her on my shoulders so she will not have her face splashed by the waves, and her squeals seem to suggest that she likes being so high in the air. We float up. We float down. We are so happy. We are so, so happy. But then I hear someone screaming. â€Å"Pat! Pat! Paaaaaaat!† I turn and see that Veronica is running very quickly down the beach, with Tiffany trailing far behind. I worry that maybe something is wrong, so I start to make my way in. The waves are pretty big now, and I have to take Emily down from my shoulders and hold her against my chest to ensure her safety, but soon we are able to negotiate our way back to Veronica, who is now running into the surf. When I get closer, Veronica seems to be very upset. Emily starts to scream and reach for her mother. â€Å"What the hell are you doing?† Veronica says to me when I hand Emily over to her. â€Å"I'm just swimming with Emily,† I say. Veronica's screaming must have woken up Ronnie, because he has run down to meet us. â€Å"What happened?† â€Å"You let Pat take Emily out into the ocean?† Veronica says, and by the way she says my name, it's obvious she does not want Emily to be left alone with me, because she thinks I am going to hurt Emily somehow, which is unfair – especially since Emily only started crying when she heard Veronica screaming, so really Veronica was the one who upset her own daughter. â€Å"What did you do to her?† Ronnie says to me. â€Å"Nothing,† I say. â€Å"We were only swimming.† â€Å"What were you doing?† Veronica says to Ronnie. â€Å"I must of fallen asleep, and – â€Å" â€Å"Jesus Christ, Ronnie. You left Emily alone with him?† The way Veronica says â€Å"him,† Emily crying, Ronnie accusing me of doing something awful to his daughter, the sun burning my bare chest and back, Tiffany watching now – suddenly I feel as though I might explode. I definitely feel an episode coming on, so before I blow up, I do the only thing I can think of: I start running down the beach away from Veronica and Ronnie and Emily and the crying and the accusations. I run as fast as I can, and suddenly I realize that now I am crying, probably because I was only swimming with Emily and it felt so right and I was trying to be good and thought I was being good and I let my best friend down and Veronica screamed at me and it's not fair because I have been trying so hard and how long can this fucking movie last and how much more do I need to improve myself and – Tiffany passes me. She runs by me like a blur. Suddenly, only one thing matters: I need to pass her. I start running faster and catch up to her, but she picks up her speed and we run side by side for a time until I find that gear women do not have, and I blow by her and maintain my man speed for a minute or so before I slow down and allow her to catch up with me. We jog side by side on the beach for a long time, neither of us saying a word. What feels like an hour passes before we turn around, and what feels like another hour passes before we see Ronnie and Veronica's umbrella, but before we reach them, Tiffany veers into the ocean. I follow her – running directly into the waves – and the salt water feels so cool on my skin after a long run. Soon we are in too deep to stand, and Tiffany's head is floating over the waves, which have calmed down considerably. Her face is a little tan and her hair hangs dark and wet and natural and I see freckles on her nose that were not there earlier that morning – so I swim over to her. A wave lifts me up, and when I come down over the other side, I am surprised that our faces are very close. For a second Tiffany reminds me so much of Nikki, I worry we might accidentally kiss, but Tiffany swims a few feet away from me before this happens, and I am thankful. Her toes come up out of the water, and she begins to float, facing the horizon. I lean back, stare at the line where sky meets water, allow my toes to rise, and float next to Tiffany for a long time, neither of us saying anything. When we walk back to the blanket, Emily is sleeping with a fist in her mouth, and Veronica and Ronnie are lying down, holding hands in the shade. When we stand over them, they squint and smile at us like nothing bad had happened earlier. â€Å"How was your run?† Ronnie asks. â€Å"We want to go home now,† Tiffany says. â€Å"Why?† Ronnie says, sitting up. â€Å"We haven't even eaten our lunch. Pat, you really want to go home?† Veronica says nothing. I look up at the sky. No clouds at all. Nothing but blue. â€Å"Yeah, I do,† I tell him, and then we are in the minivan driving back to Collingswood.

Free Essays on Red Spruce In Vermont

Where Have All The Red Spruce Gone? Acid Rain in Vermont Forest Ecology Term Paper Grant 1 â€Å"Acid Rain.† It is a term that has been imbedded in us for many decades and yet still it is an issue today. It is a term that was coined in 1872 by Dr. Robert Angus Smith, an English chemist. (Mello 21). He noticed that the air in the cities contained many different contaminates including sulfuric acid, which he believed to be the cause of corroding metals and certain types of damage to plants. His colleagues ignored his studies and findings and it wasn’t until 100 years later that scientists started to explore this serious problem. There are many different pollutants that incur the effects of acid deposition. Primary pollutants are emitted directly into the atmosphere from sources such as power plants, automobiles, factories, and even residential furnaces. These primary pollutants include sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NO). When nitrogen and sulfur combine with oxygen, a very reactive element in our atmosphere, secondary pollutants are formed. These include photochemical oxidants, such as ozone, and acid deposition. Acid rain forms when nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide react with oxidants and moisture in the atmosphere to form nitric acid and sulfuric acid. These acids are made of hydrogen and nitrate or sulfate ions (Dept of Agriculture 8). These acids can reach the earth as precipitation in the form of rain, Grant 2 snow, sleet, hail, clouds, dew, and fog. It can also reach the earth as dry particles or gasses. Many of these gaseous emissions and particles come from coal burning power plants and other industrial sources. Subsequently, in Northern New York and New England, there are few industrial areas, however the pollutants are carried hundreds of miles and deposited here by different weather patterns. In the 1960’s scientists began to notice a decline in the red spruce population in Vermont... Free Essays on Red Spruce In Vermont Free Essays on Red Spruce In Vermont Where Have All The Red Spruce Gone? Acid Rain in Vermont Forest Ecology Term Paper Grant 1 â€Å"Acid Rain.† It is a term that has been imbedded in us for many decades and yet still it is an issue today. It is a term that was coined in 1872 by Dr. Robert Angus Smith, an English chemist. (Mello 21). He noticed that the air in the cities contained many different contaminates including sulfuric acid, which he believed to be the cause of corroding metals and certain types of damage to plants. His colleagues ignored his studies and findings and it wasn’t until 100 years later that scientists started to explore this serious problem. There are many different pollutants that incur the effects of acid deposition. Primary pollutants are emitted directly into the atmosphere from sources such as power plants, automobiles, factories, and even residential furnaces. These primary pollutants include sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NO). When nitrogen and sulfur combine with oxygen, a very reactive element in our atmosphere, secondary pollutants are formed. These include photochemical oxidants, such as ozone, and acid deposition. Acid rain forms when nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide react with oxidants and moisture in the atmosphere to form nitric acid and sulfuric acid. These acids are made of hydrogen and nitrate or sulfate ions (Dept of Agriculture 8). These acids can reach the earth as precipitation in the form of rain, Grant 2 snow, sleet, hail, clouds, dew, and fog. It can also reach the earth as dry particles or gasses. Many of these gaseous emissions and particles come from coal burning power plants and other industrial sources. Subsequently, in Northern New York and New England, there are few industrial areas, however the pollutants are carried hundreds of miles and deposited here by different weather patterns. In the 1960’s scientists began to notice a decline in the red spruce population in Vermont...

Deng Xiaoping and the Chinese Cultural Revolution Essays

Deng Xiaoping and the Chinese Cultural Revolution Essays Deng Xiaoping and the Chinese Cultural Revolution Essay Deng Xiaoping and the Chinese Cultural Revolution Essay How effective was Eden Gapping as a leader? People can define an effective leader in many ways but how I define an effective leader is when a leader is able to overcome problems thoroughly, replicates success and having leadership qualities. A leader that can overcome thoroughly means that the leader is able to face his/heres problems and solving it the best way he/she can. When a leader replicates success it means that the leader achieves their goal and that is what can define success. Having leadership qualities Is when a leader has leadership traits such as confidence, open-mindedness, perseverance) which makes them an effective leader. But not all leadership qualities or traits are required for the leader to be an effective leader because there are no such thing as a perfect leader but there are leaders who are effective by using the leadership traits that each leader has and develops. When a leader can overcome problems, replicates success and has leadership qualities. That shows that, that leader Is what defines what an effective leader Is. Eden Gapping became a Chinese communist leader who ruled China from the late asss until 1997. Eden Gapping needed to go through obstacles in order to finally become a leader. Firstly, during the Cultural Revolution (date) he lost all his power and was sent to Gaining for three years to do manual labor, he was also branded as the number two capitalist reader Mao did this to Eden Gapping because he saw Eden Gapping as a threat to his reform. On January 1 975 when Chou Anneal died Eden Gapping replaced Chou Anneals role in the Party he became the person In charge of all the routine work of the Party and the state. But It was not over for Eden Gapping he deed to face a struggle with the Gang of Four. But finally on July 1977 he had earned enormous prestige in the Party and among the people and was reinstated again. When Eden Gapping became the leader, China was going through the change that was affected by Mayos revolutionary years Including the Cultural Revolution, which was Mayos last reform for China. The Cultural Revolution caused Chinas economy to collapse, It Increased poverty rate In china, some people lost their Jobs and education level decreased. In 1981, Eden strengthened his position by replacing Huh Goofing with his proto ©g © follower or trainee), Huh Yapping, and together the economic reforms in China were introduced. Eden Shapings goal was to modernize China, improve Chinas economy and globalize China. HIS act In order to reach his goals would be establishing the four modernization, which Eden Gapping promoted in the speech he recited at a working conference of the Central Committee. The four modernization were to modernize areas of agriculture, industry technology and defense. His reforms in order to attain the four modernization were based on capitalist models, such as his act of allowing ere market, supporting foreign Investments and Increasing education level in China. Achieve the goal of the four modernization. The nine-year compulsory education was introduced and plans were carried out to eliminate illiteracy. This shows how effective Eden Gapping was as a leader because he saw the importance of education in order to continuously modernize China and to successfully go on with the four modernization. This also shows another success from Eden Gapping because his education reforms increased the education level in China and it encouraged intellectuals who were discouraged when Mao was leading. Dense supported foreign investments and tried to modernize the industries by implementing special economic zones in various regions (economic laws differed at those areas to make them more business-friendly). Businesses soon flourished in these areas and the industries were slowly getting modernized in these areas. Technology was also modernized by the spread of propaganda that encouraged intellectuals who were discouraged when Mao was leading and they would be the people who would help modernize technology in China. Eden strengthened his relationship with the West and in January 1979, he signed accords with President Jimmy Carter, and later that year the United States granted full diplomatic recognition to the Peoples Republic of China. This act of Eden, opening up China in order to modernize China shows how effective he was as a leader because by making these changes and putting up the systems he showed how his reforms led to success. Because by opening foreign investments he succeeded to modernize technology in China and globalize China, preventing China from isolation that was built during the Cultural Revolution. One of Eden Shapings approaches in order to improve Chinas economy was by creating and allowing free market. Eden changed Communism in China by adding some capitalist features to its economy. For example, farmers were able to own land, people could run their own businesses and productive workers could earn bonuses. By the end of 1980, Chinas food shortage problems were solved and the agriculture sector was modernized. His reforms to improve Chinas economy affect it greatly that the poverty rate in China decreased, it went from 53% to 12% and on 1992 several hundred million Chinese citizens had been lifted out of poverty. This shows how effective Eden Gapping was as a leader because his act of allowing free market was ally effective in motivating workers in order to generate profits in China that was large enough to modernize China and bring out his other reforms. This also shows how effective he was as a leader because he opened peoples eyes, that there is still a chance to improve Chinas economy and doing this has been effective in recovering Chinas economy after the Cultural Revolution. Besides the success that Eden Gapping had with his reforms he also needed to face obstacles as a leader. The first obstacle he had to face was his Journey in order to become the leader of China. Mao Sedona and the Gang of four was Eden Shapings retreat barrier of becoming a leader in China because they saw him as a threat. But enormous prestige in the Party and among the people, which made Eden rise to power because of the help of his supporters. This shows how Eden was such an effective leader because he was able to overcome the Gang of four, he did not make further problems with them instead he defeated them by gaining more followers in order to rise to power. But it was not the end of problems for Eden Gapping. In fact there were people who criticized his reforms. Especially those people who were strongly against his capitalistic ideas. But it did not stop Eden in continuing his four modernization. Eden Gapping had many leadership traits and this shows how effective he was as a leader because his leadership traits helped increased the economic growth in China vastly. His greatest leadership traits would be open-mindedness and perseverance. He showed open-mindedness all the way through his years as becoming Chinas leader which helped his reforms to success. When he allowed free market it shows that he added capitalist features to Chinas economy. Despite the fact that he is a Communist it still did not stop him to allow free market in China. This shows how open-minded he was in order to improve Chinas economy, he did not care whether the idea is capitalistic or communism, what matters to him is how effective that change would be to help China. (date) in this point it led to a famous statement that Eden Gapping pointed out to one of his critics who was criticizing him for allowing free market because its capitalistic. He said, Whether a cat is black or white, it does not matter as long as it catches a mice, it is a good cat. This statement gives an even bigger impression that shows how open-minded Eden was as a leader because it wows how his aim was to improve China in different aspects and it does not bother him whether the ideas of improving China is something out of the usual (communism) because he will always consider different ideas and perspectives in order to improve China. Eden Gapping also showed perseverance throughout his time as a leader. He was brought down so many times by Mao because Mao opposed him and saw him as a threat. Eden Gapping never gave up he kept trying to always get back to his position in the party and finally he got reinstated. Eden Gapping was a very effective leader his reforms were so successful in achieving his goals. Which was modernizing China, improving Chinas economy and globalize China. An effective leader replicates success, able to overcome problems thoroughly and having leadership qualities. Eden Gapping did and had all three of them he showed success in establishing the four modernization and bring out his reforms in order to achieve his goals. Despite the success he had, he also needed to go through obstacles and challenges especially in his Journey of becoming Chinas leader, Mao Sedona and the Gang of four held him back in bringing Dense revolution to China. He also needed to face challenges during his time as a leader such as people who opposed his capitalistic ideas. Eden also showed many leadership traits such as open-mindedness and that trait helped him achieved his goal in order to succeed in Second Question: What were the changes that happened during this event? For this response, I will be using the Cultural Revolution for the basis of my comments. This event took place from 1966 to 1976. Mao Sedona, who was a Chinese Communist leader, was the one who led the Cultural Revolution. His intentions in doing this revolution were to enforce socialism within the country by eliminating cultural, capitalist and traditional elements. In August, 1966 Mao Sedona introduced China to the Four Olds: old customs, old culture, old habits and old ideas. He also called for the start of a Cultural Revolution. Mao earned followers that would help him achieve his goals and they were called the Red Guards. The Red Guards were students or people who were in their teens and Mao was able to gather many student volunteers because the Red Guards had much respect and many awards. They were told to get rid of the four olds and were told to attack people who supported capitalist. Education also changed in China, during the Cultural Revolution. In June 1966 schools ND Universities were closed down. It changed many Chinese students lives. They were forced to farm and do manual labor and there were many students who volunteered to be a part of the red-guards. This changed education level in China because many students were not able in completing school and many students dropped out since the government changed the schools education system by the need of teaching the values of the Cultural Revolution in schools. Four million high school and college graduates and sixteen million students were sent to the farmland where they ended up working in the farms and performing manual labor. Mao not seeing the importance of education during Cultural Revolution changed China because many talented students who might be able to bring change to China and who were supposedly the next generation to bring out a better future for China were all wasted because they were stuck working in the field until the revolution ended. The Cultural Revolution also made a change to the Chinese culture. As it is one of the goals of the four olds which was to abolish old cultures. It changed Chinas society; many religions were at risk. The Red Guards damaged and destroyed religious buildings. The Cultural Revolution also changed foreign cultures that were brought to China such as clearing the way of music, plays, ballets, painting, short stories and poetry. The Cultural Revolution also changed the countryside in China. There was an increase of peasants because 80 percent of Chinas population was in the countryside. Due to the decreased production the price people of Chinas needs all increased and it changed most peoples lives in China also because it led many Chinese it became hard for most of them to find food for their families especially when politicians, landowners, and the high-class society lost their Jobs and repertories, which changed their lifestyle. They need to work in the farms in order to afford food and earn money for their families. The land reform brought an end to landlords ownership of the land and their tyrannical (cruel, power) rule over peasants and this changed the gap between the rural and urban. But it led to more citizens becoming peasants. Mao did this because he wanted no gap between urban and rural, laborers and intellectuals. This led to a change in Chinas living standard. The lives of many Chinese changed and there was a change in the number of population that was living in the countryside, which also led to a change of poverty rate in China. In the countryside, each commune had a health network, which included a large clinic or hospital, health stations and medical room at the village level. This helped changed Chinas health care it made Chinas health care improved, in cities as well. By the early sasss, Shanghai had a lower infant mortality rate than New York City as the time. Life expectancy under Mao doubled from 32 years in 1949 to 65 years in 1976. Changes in industrial production happened during the Cultural Revolution. Chinas industry and agriculture decreased. Prizes and bonuses for town workers were abolished and this effected their motivation in order to earn profit. There was also a change in production and many failed to produce enough crops even to meet the quotas. Changes that happened Chinas in industrial production affected China in other ways such as making change in poverty rate of China and changing Chinas living of standard. The Cultural Revolution definitely made China step backwards in their economy. Overall the Cultural Revolution did brought change to China. The change that Mao planned for China was successfully done but it did not mean that those changes always did a great impact to China. When change happens there will always be a different side in it, not all changes will always create great actions but it can also create dreadful actions, it depends on which side youre in. And the change that happened during the Cultural Revolution could be considered precious or awful. Mao aimed for the Cultural Revolution in order to change China to become more focused in socialism and by abolishing the four olds. He achieved all the changes in China at the end of the Cultural Revolution, China became a country that was written socialism around them, people who advocates capitalism was either tortured or intended to death, and his aim in making Chinas youth became less educated and mindless was done. The Cultural Revolution did changes that affected Chinas economy to collapse, brought down education, made a decrease of industrial China. Despite the negative changes that were made, there were also changes that brought a good start in China. After the Cultural Revolution there was an improvement in health care people who lived in rural areas were provided with health networks. These changes helped improve the health care in China by also increasing Chinas life expectancy.

Post-course assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Post-course assignment - Essay Example In the illustrative section of the paper, there would be an analysis and evaluation of the methods, approaches, techniques and resources that will be used to deliver the training. The paper will also narrow down its scope to concentrate on how to incorporate cultural intelligence and cultural awareness into the training programme. This paper will be based on a group of 12 Asian delegation consisting of business executives who are being prepare for an international conference in the United States of America. The paper is therefore being put together to describe the teaching methods and content that will be employed to enable these executives to learn about how to communicate with their American counterparts and integrate culturally into the American society. In attaining this end, the paper will involve the components of Course and Syllabus Design which underline the IBET Certificate training programme. This will mean the application of important ideas and concepts from this aspect of the course to formulate a proper tuition system and design that would help the participants appreciate the course in English Business Communication. In doing this, we assume that the course is going to be held in a five day intensive session which would last for six hours each day with three breaks. This will be held in a conducive environment where all the participants will get the opportunity to interact with me, the tutor or instructor. In general terms, â€Å"a course syllabus provide the blueprint for structured teaching and learning in a training session† (Morrison, 2011 p133). â€Å"A syllabus provide the aims, objectives and targets that a given teaching program is meant to provide to the participants† (Moreno, 2011 p107). In this section of the paper, I will like to indicate how the course would be structured and the kind of syllabus which will be used to teach these

Identity Theft in the Organization Research Paper

Identity Theft in the Organization - Research Paper Example However, in other organizations, this is something that is known. This is especially in hospitals where the patients use their social security numbers and in financial institutions. This paper discusses the issue of identity theft, how major institutions govern the information of clients and additionally, recommendations on how to stop identity theft. To start with, the organization can create the post of an ethics officer. The web surfing history of the employee is something that should be monitored closely if organizations want to be sure of the operations that an employee is carrying out. In addition, this is something that if an organization fails to adhere to, may lead to the loss of not only the data of the clients but the overall bad image of the organization. There are numerous ways and means of monitoring an employee’s web surfing and email history (Henk, Tilborg, & Jajodia, 2011, p. 1248). An ethics officer is someone who is employed by an organization to ensure that employees do not go against the rules and ethics of the workstation. This is a post that is however given to a very trusted employee since he or she is trusted to guide the other employees so as not to steal data from the organization. The workstation is something that is clearly important if the organization is dealing with matters that may lead to i dentity theft and therefore, there should be rules and regulations that govern the way the employees perform and conduct themselves. On the other hand, sometimes the employees fail to adhere to these rules and it is at this point that the ethics officer comes in. One of the major rules in an organization is that the employee should not in any way jeopardize the information of the client maliciously and use it for his or her own benefits. In other words, an employee should not be involved in identity theft. Monitoring the cookies information is also important Henk, Tilburg, & Jajodia, 2011, p. 1249).